Theodore
Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt, born on October 27, 1858, in New York City, emerged as one of the most dynamic Presidents in U.S. history, renowned for his exuberant personality, range of interests, and ambitious reforms. Before becoming the nation's 26th president following William McKinley's assassination in 1901, Roosevelt had already built an impressive résumé as a Harvard graduate, New York State Assemblyman, rancher in the Dakota Territory, New York City Police Commissioner, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and Rough Rider in the Spanish-American War. His presidency, which lasted until 1909, was marked by his progressive policies, including the Square Deal—a domestic program that aimed to ensure fair economic competition and prevent corporate abuses, and his significant contributions to the conservation movement, establishing numerous national parks, forests, and monuments to preserve the nation’s natural resources.

Roosevelt's foreign policy was equally vigorous, exemplified by his motto, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far." He played a crucial role in negotiating the end of the Russo-Japanese War, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906, and he was instrumental in the construction of the Panama Canal, altering global shipping routes and solidifying U.S. military and economic power. Beyond his political achievements, Roosevelt was a prolific author, writing extensively on topics ranging from history to biology, and a devoted naturalist, which influenced his environmental policy. After leaving office, he remained an influential political figure, running for president in 1912 as a Progressive Party candidate. Roosevelt’s legacy is that of a transformational leader who not only expanded the power of the presidency but also reshaped the national agenda to reflect the ideals of progressivism and conservation.